Down's Syndrome

The most common cause of Down syndrome occurs when an infant is born with three, rather than two, copies of the 21st chromosome.
It is this extra genetic material in infants with Down syndrome that disrupts their physical and cognitive development.

The most familiar physical traits of Down syndrome include:
· Low muscle tone (muscle hypotonia)
· Flat facial profile, including a somewhat depressed nasal bridge and small nose
· Upward slant to the eyes (oblique palpebral fissures)
· Abnormal shape and small size of the ears (dysplastic ears)
· Single deep crease across the center of the palm (simian crease)
· Excessive ability to extend the joints (joint hypermobility)
· Fifth finger has one bending joint instead of two (dysplastic middle phalanx)
· Small skin folds on the inner corners of the eyes (epicanthic folds)
· Excessive space between large and second toe (sandal gap)
· Enlargement of tongue in relationship to size of mouth

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